Anger is a completely normal, usually healthy, human emotion which allows us to respond and take action against danger or injustice. It varies in intensity from mild irritation to fury and rage and is accompanied by physical changes in the body.  We get angry at other people, situations and ourselves. Anger is something that everyone in life will experience. However, when it gets out of control it can lead to problems at work, in our personal lives and in relationships.
When an angry episode occurs all of the following are involved:

• cognition – our present thoughts
• emotion – the physiological arousal our anger produces
• communication – the way we display our anger to others
• the effect of anger on others – fear, hostility
• behaviour – the way we act when we are angry.

If we are aware of it we will also feel the results of anger in our bodies. According to psychologists who specialise in anger management, some people become angry more easily and more intensely than the average person. Others do not show their anger in loud spectacular ways but are chronically irritable and grumpy. These people sometimes withdraw socially and/or become physically ill.

What are the Symptoms of Anger Problems?

• tension or stress begins to build, e.g. easily frustrated, clenched posture
• breathing and heart rate increase
• blood pressure rises, e.g. flushed face and neck, veins stand out
• increases in hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline
• direct verbal abuse, e.g. blame and criticism
• indirect verbal attacks, e.g. sarcasm, put-downs, sullenness
• violence, threats, and temper tantrums.

What Effect Does Anger Have on Health?
In the case of chronic anger, long-term hyper-arousal of the autonomic nervous system can cause the following:

• headaches
• stomach ache
• skin rash
• arthritis – anger produces uric acid in the bloodstream which may contribute to the onset of arthritis
• circulatory disorders
• aggravation of existing physical symptoms
• emotional disturbances such as depression
• the physical effects of violence towards the self and others.

What are the Causes of Anger Problems?
There are a number of reasons why some people tend towards anger more than others. There is evidence that suggests that some children are born with irritable, sensitive and easily angered natures and these signs are present from a very early age. Another cause might be our fast paced and increasingly pressured way of life. As anger is often regarded as negative, we are taught that it is all right to express anxiety or depression and other emotions but not anger. This can result in outbursts from a build up of tension. People may also have learned to react with anger from seeing how their parents dealt with conflict.

What is anger management?
Anger management is about understanding your anger and why it happens. It is about learning and practising better ways of expressing anger, and knowing how to prevent it from occurring in the first place. Specifically, anger management is about knowing the triggers and early warning signs of anger, and learning techniques to calm down and manage the situation before it gets out of control.

Goals of Anger Management

• developing better communication skills with the aim of improving relationships
• developing an understanding of what triggers anger
• developing strategies to deal with anger
• developing listening skills
• developing the ability to ‘reframe’ negative thoughts about life situations
• getting help to change your life circumstances, if necessary
• stress management.

Helpful Strategies
It is potentially dangerous to ‘let it rip.’ Anger can easily escalate into aggression and it generally does nothing to help us or the person we are angry with. However, we can learn to deal with anger in different ways such as the following:

• find out what triggers your anger and then develop strategies to keep those triggers from tipping you over the edge
• learn to relax by slowing down your breathing
• slowly repeat a calm word or phrase, e.g. ‘take it easy’ or ‘relax’ and repeat it to yourself while breathing deeply
• practice non-strenuous, slow yoga-like exercises to relax muscles and bring feelings of calmness
• change the way you think by replacing exaggerated angry thoughts with more rational ones, e.g. ‘I know it’s frustrating but it’s not the end of the world and anger is not going to fix anything’
• develop better communication skills by slowing your responses, rather than saying the first thing that comes into your head and listening carefully to what the other person is saying
• make sure you have some ‘personal time’ scheduled for times in the day that you know are particularly stressful
• see a psychologist if you think that your anger is out of control
• admit there’s a problem and be willing to change, as frightening as that may be
• learn to speak assertively by expressing your needs clearly and respectfully, e.g. using “I” statements ‘ (such as ‘I feel upset when you don’t return my calls’ rather than ‘you never return my calls’) as this tends to reduce blaming and defensiveness.

A fact sheet produced by the Mental Health Information Service